Reference
Chord progressions in all 12 keys








ii V I
ii7 V7 Imaj7The cadence jazz is built on. Each root falls a fifth, so the ear always knows where the next chord is going.
- Dm7
- G7
- Cmaj7
Minor ii V i
iiø7 V7 i7The same falling fifths with a darker colour: a half diminished ii, a dominant borrowed from harmonic minor, and a minor tonic.
- E7
- Am7
I V vi IV
I V vi IVFour chords that carry a large share of pop songwriting. Start it on vi and it turns melancholy without changing a note.
- C
- G
- Am
- F
vi IV I V
vi IV I VThe same four chords as I V vi IV, started on the relative minor. It sounds sadder because it begins away from home.
- Am
- F
- C
- G
I vi IV V
I vi IV VThe doo wop changes. Home, its relative minor, then subdominant and dominant leading straight back.
- C
- Am
- F
- G
I IV V
I IV V ITonic, subdominant, dominant: the three primary chords, and the skeleton of a great deal of folk, rock and blues.
- C
- F
- G
- C
12 bar blues
I7 I7 I7 I7 IV7 IV7 I7 I7 V7 IV7 I7 V7Three dominant seventh chords over twelve bars. Even the tonic is a dominant seventh, so home itself has an edge, and that is the sound of the blues.
- C7
- C7
- C7
- C7
- F7
- F7
- C7
- C7
- G7
- F7
- C7
- G7
iii vi ii V I
iii7 vi7 ii7 V7 Imaj7A chain of falling fifths that starts on iii and walks home one fifth at a time.
- Em7
- Am7
- Dm7
- G7
- Cmaj7
I vi ii V
Imaj7 vi7 ii7 V7The turnaround at the end of countless standards. It leaves home and comes back in four chords.
- Cmaj7
- Am7
- Dm7
- G7
ii bII I
ii7 bII7 Imaj7A ii V I with the dominant replaced by its tritone substitute, so the bass slides down by semitones instead of falling a fifth.
- Dm7
- Cmaj7
Backdoor progression
iv7 bVII7 Imaj7Two chords borrowed from the parallel minor that reach the tonic from a whole step below instead of a fifth above.
- Fm7
- Cmaj7
I bVII IV
I bVII IV IA Mixolydian vamp. The flat seven chord comes from the parallel mode, and it is the sound of a great deal of rock.
- C
- F
- C
Andalusian cadence
i VII VI VA bass line falling by step from the tonic to the dominant, landing on a major V that only harmonic minor provides.
- Am
- G
- F
- E
i VI III VII
i VI III VIIA minor key loop with no V chord in it. It never quite lands, which is why it suits a chorus that wants to keep moving.
- Am
- F
- C
- G
Royal road progression
IVmaj7 V7 iii7 viSubdominant to dominant, then a sidestep to iii and vi instead of going home. A staple of J pop songwriting.
- Fmaj7
- G7
- Em7
- Am