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G major · Tritone substitution

Tritone substitutions in G major

A dominant seventh can be replaced by the dominant seventh a tritone away, because the two share the notes that do the resolving. In G major, D7 becomes A♭7: both contain F♯ and C, which A♭7 spells G♭ and C. The bass then falls a semitone onto G instead of a fifth.

Every dominant in G major, and its substitute

  • D7V7G
    subV7G

    A♭7 substitutes for D7, the dominant of G major. They share the same tritone, so the bass can fall a semitone instead of a fifth. Shared notes: F♯ and C in D7, G♭ and C in A♭7.

  • E7V7/iiAm
    subV7/iiAm

    B♭7 substitutes for E7, the dominant of A minor. They share the same tritone, so the bass can fall a semitone instead of a fifth. Shared notes: G♯ and D in E7, A♭ and D in B♭7.

  • V7/iiiBm
    C7subV7/iiiBm

    C7 substitutes for F♯7, the dominant of B minor. They share the same tritone, so the bass can fall a semitone instead of a fifth. Shared notes: A♯ and E in F♯7, B♭ and E in C7.

  • G7V7/IVC
    subV7/IVC

    C♯7 substitutes for G7, the dominant of C major. They share the same tritone, so the bass can fall a semitone instead of a fifth. Shared notes: B and F in G7, B and E♯ in C♯7.

  • A7V7/VD
    subV7/VD

    E♭7 substitutes for A7, the dominant of D major. They share the same tritone, so the bass can fall a semitone instead of a fifth. Shared notes: C♯ and G in A7, D♭ and G in E♭7.

  • B7V7/viEm
    F7subV7/viEm

    F7 substitutes for B7, the dominant of E minor. They share the same tritone, so the bass can fall a semitone instead of a fifth. Shared notes: D♯ and A in B7, E♭ and A in F7.

Why the substitute works

What makes a dominant seventh want to resolve is the tritone between its third and its seventh. Move the root a tritone and that interval is still there, with its two notes swapped: the third becomes the seventh and the seventh becomes the third. So the substitute pulls to the same place, and the bass slides down a semitone to get there.

Play the two buttons in each row one after the other. Same arrival, different road.

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